Chaturanga
This painting depicts a contrast between the oldest known version of chess known as Chaturanga, having its origins in the Gupta empire; alongside its modern day variant. There is not a lot of data regarding the rules of the game, so it is difficult to know how it was played. There was also a four player variant of chess known as Chaturaji which was played using dice.
Many chess historians believe that the rules for the pieces were almost same. The Padàti became the modern day Pawn, Ashva became the Knight, the Gaja (elephant) became the Bishop (though there is uncertainty about the range of legal movements on board) and the Rath, which is represented by a wheel, became the Rook. The Raja remained as the King while the Wazir became the modern day Queen.
